使用 NextJS & WalletConnect 部署合约

请在GitHub参阅完整的walletconnect-nextjs代码库。

本节将展示如何设置NextJS Web应用程序，配置Berachain网络详细信息，设置基本钱包连接，以及通过前端与WalletConnect部署合约。

先决条件

开始之前，请确保你的本地设备上满足以下条件：

• 持有$BERA代币的钱包（合约部署费用，参阅Berachain测试网水龙头文档）

• NVM或Node v20.11.0

• pnpm, yarn 或 npm

创建NextJS代码设置

首先，为NextJS创建一个新的文件夹：

npx create-next-app@latest;

# [Expected Prompts & Responses]:
# ✔ What is your project named? … walletconnect-nextjs
# ✔ Would you like to use TypeScript? … No / _Yes_
# ✔ Would you like to use ESLint? … No / _Yes_
# ✔ Would you like to use Tailwind CSS? … No / _Yes_
# ✔ Would you like to use `src/` directory? … _No_ / Yes
# ✔ Would you like to use App Router? (recommended) … No / _Yes_
# ✔ Would you like to customize the default import alias (@/*)? … _No_ / Yes
# Creating a new Next.js app in /path/to/walletconnect-nextjs.
#
# Using npm.
#
# Initializing project with template: app-tw
#
# ...
#
# Success! Created walletconnect-nextjs at /path/to/walletconnect-nextjs

cd walletconnect-nextjs;

添加依赖项

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

pnpm add @web3modal/wagmi wagmi viem @tanstack/react-query;

获取WalletConnect ID

访问WalletConnect Cloud，注册新帐户 (如果没有账户) 并登陆到WalletConnect Cloud，接下来创建新项目以生成项目 ID。

首先，创建一个新项目：

然后，编辑项目详细信息：

最后，获取项目 ID：

配置WalletConnect

成功获得项目 ID后，在存储库中创建一个新的.env变量：

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

touch .env;

使用以下详细信息修改文件：

文件位置：./.env

# Get projectId at https://cloud.walletconnect.com
NEXT_PUBLIC_PROJECT_ID=YOUR-WALLETCONNECT-PROJECT-ID

为web3modal创建一个新的配置文件夹和文件：

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

mkdir config;
touch config/index.tsx;

在新的配置文件夹中添加以下代码：

文件位置：./config/index.tsx

// Imports
// ========================================================
import { defaultWagmiConfig } from "@web3modal/wagmi/react/config";
import { cookieStorage, createStorage } from "wagmi";
import { berachainTestnetbArtio } from "wagmi/chains";

// Constants
// ========================================================
// Get projectId at https://cloud.walletconnect.com
export const projectId = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_PROJECT_ID;

const metadata = {
  name: "Berachain Web3Modal",
  description: "Berachain Web3Modal Example",
  url: "https://web3modal.com", // origin must match your domain & subdomain
  icons: ["https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/96059542"],
};

if (!projectId) throw new Error("Project ID is not defined");

// Config
// ========================================================
export const config = defaultWagmiConfig({
  chains: [berachainTestnetbArtio], // required
  projectId, // required
  metadata, // required
  ssr: true,
  storage: createStorage({
    storage: cookieStorage,
  }),
  enableWalletConnect: true, // Optional - true by default
  enableInjected: true, // Optional - true by default
  enableEIP6963: true, // Optional - true by default
  enableCoinbase: true, // Optional - true by default
  //   ...wagmiOptions // Optional - Override createConfig parameters
});

接下来，创建一个新的context文件夹，该文件夹通过来自TanStack和Wagmi的必要Context Providers程序封装待部署项目。

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

mkdir context;
touch context/index.tsx;

文件位置：./context/index.tsx

该文件顶部会出现一个use client，因为它需要在客户端渲染，并且需要与服务器端区分。

"use client";

// Imports
// ========================================================
import React, { ReactNode } from "react";
import { config, projectId } from "@/config";
import { createWeb3Modal } from "@web3modal/wagmi/react";
import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
import { State, WagmiProvider } from "wagmi";

// Config
// ========================================================
// Setup queryClient
const queryClient = new QueryClient({
  // Prevent refetch on window refos
  defaultOptions: {
    queries: {
      refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
    },
  },
});

if (!projectId) throw new Error("Project ID is not defined");

// Create modal
createWeb3Modal({
  wagmiConfig: config,
  projectId,
  enableAnalytics: true, // Optional - defaults to your Cloud configuration
});

// Exports
// ========================================================
export default function Web3Modal({
  children,
  initialState,
}: {
  children: ReactNode;
  initialState?: State;
}) {
  return (
    <WagmiProvider config={config} initialState={initialState}>
      <QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>{children}</QueryClientProvider>
    </WagmiProvider>
  );
}

接下来，修改现有layout.tsx文件，以适配这些额外的Context Providers程序。

文件位置：./app/layout.tsx

// Imports
// ========================================================
import type { Metadata } from "next";
import { headers } from "next/headers";
import "./globals.css";
import { cookieToInitialState } from "wagmi";
import { config } from "@/config";
import ContextProvider from "@/context";

// Metadata
// ========================================================
export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: "Web3Modal Berachain",
  description: "Web3Modal Example With Berachain",
};

// Main Layout
// ========================================================
export default function RootLayout({
  children,
}: {
  children: React.ReactNode;
}) {
  const initialState = cookieToInitialState(config, headers().get("cookie"));
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <body>
        <ContextProvider initialState={initialState}>
          {children}
        </ContextProvider>
      </body>
    </html>
  );
}

另外，还可以添加一些CSS样式，使应用程序更美观。

文件位置：./app/globals.css

@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;

@layer base {
  body {
    @apply bg-zinc-900 text-zinc-300;
  }

  h1 {
    @apply font-bold text-2xl mb-6 text-white;
  }

  h2 {
    @apply font-bold text-xl mb-6 text-white;
  }

  p {
    @apply mb-6;
  }

  .dot {
    @apply inline-flex w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-black mr-2;
  }

  .dot.green {
    @apply bg-green-500;
  }

  .dot.red {
    @apply bg-red-500;
  }

  pre {
    @apply bg-zinc-800 p-8 rounded overflow-scroll max-h-72 mb-8;
  }

  code {
    @apply overflow-scroll;
  }

  form {
    @apply mb-8;
  }

  label {
    @apply flex text-sm text-zinc-400 mb-4;
  }

  textarea,
  input {
    @apply flex w-full rounded text-zinc-700 p-6 mb-8;
  }

  button,
  button[type="submit"] {
    @apply bg-zinc-700 text-white h-12 px-12 rounded-full hover:bg-zinc-600 transition-colors ease-in-out;
  }

  button:disabled,
  input:disabled,
  textarea:disabled {
    opacity: 0.1;
  }

  a:not(.button) {
    @apply text-red-400 underline;
  }

  a.button {
    @apply inline-flex items-center bg-blue-500 text-white h-12 px-12 rounded-full hover:bg-zinc-600 transition-colors ease-in-out;
  }
}

添加Web3Modal按钮组件

现在，已成功配置Web应用程序，接下来，需要添加Web3Modal按钮组件，以允许钱包连接。

文件位置：./app/page.tsx

// Imports
// ========================================================
// TBD

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function Home() {
  // Render
  return (
    <main className="p-8">
      <h1>🐻⛓️ Berachain WalletConnect Web3Modal Example</h1>
      <p>An example of Berachain being used with WalletConnect.</p>
      <div className="mb-8">
        <w3m-button />
      </div>
    </main>
  );
}

启动应用程序，以确认是否可以与MetaMask等网页扩展钱包连接。

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

pnpm dev;

# [Expected Output]:
# > [email protected] dev /path/to/walletconnect-nextjs
# > next dev
#
#    ▲ Next.js 14.1.0
#    - Local:        http://localhost:3000
#    - Environments: .env
#
#  ✓ Ready in 2.9s

演示Web3Modal按钮组件的工作原理。

通过Web3Modal连接钱包。

显示如下，钱包已成功连接。

帐户连接组件

设置好Web3Modal后，需要创建一个Account组件，通过wagmi现有的hooks测试账户是否成功连接。

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

mkdir components;
mkdir components/Account;
touch components/Account/index.tsx;

创建一个Account组件，检查账户是否已成功连接和当前连接状态。

文件位置：./components/Account/index.tsx

"use client";

// Imports
// ========================================================
import { useAccount, useContractRead } from "wagmi";

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function Account() {
  // Hooks
  const { isConnected } = useAccount();

  // Render
  return (
    <section className="pb-6 mb-6 border-zinc-700 border-b">
      <>
        <h2>Account Connection</h2>
        {isConnected ? (
          <div>
            <span className="dot green"></span>
            Connected
          </div>
        ) : (
          <div>
            <span className="dot red"></span>
            Account NOT Connected
          </div>
        )}
      </>
    </section>
  );
}

然后，将其添加到主page.tsx文件中。

文件位置：./app/page.tsx

// Imports
// ========================================================
import Account from "@/components/Account"; 

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function Home() {
  // Render
  return (
    <main className="p-8">
      <h1>🐻⛓️ Berachain WalletConnect Web3Modal Example</h1>
      <p>An example of Berachain being used with WalletConnect.</p>
      <div className="mb-8">
        <w3m-button />
      </div>
      <Account />
    </main>
  );
}

现在，查看应用程序，页面下方会显示用户是否已成功连接 (Connected or Not)。

签名消息组件

接下来，演示的另一个功能是钱包签名基本功能。首先，创建一个名为SignMessage的文件夹，以添加签名和消息验证功能。

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

mkdir components/SignMessage;
touch components/SignMessage/index.tsx;

文件位置：./components/SignMessage/index.tsx

"use client";

// Imports
// ========================================================
import { useAccount, useSignMessage, useVerifyMessage } from "wagmi";
import { useState } from "react";
import { berachainTestnet } from "wagmi/chains";

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function SignMessage() {
  // Hooks
  const { isConnected, address } = useAccount();
  const [message, setMessage] = useState("");
  const [signature, setSignature] = useState<`0x${string}`>("0x");
  const [result, setResult] = useState("");
  const { signMessageAsync } = useSignMessage();
  const verification = useVerifyMessage({
    chainId: berachainTestnet.id,
    address,
    message,
    signature,
  });

  // Functions
  /**
   * @dev Handles signing messages from whatever is placed in textarea
   * @param event
   */
  const onSubmitSignMessage = async (
    event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>
  ) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    console.group("onSubmitSignMessage");

    try {
      const signature = await signMessageAsync({
        message,
      });
      setSignature(signature);
      setResult(signature);
      verification.refetch();
    } catch (error: any) {
      console.error(error?.reason);
      console.error(error);
      setResult(error?.reason ?? error?.message);
    }

    console.groupEnd();
  };

  // Render
  return (
    <section className="pb-6 mb-6 border-zinc-700 border-b">
      <>
        <h2>Sign Message</h2>

        {isConnected ? (
          <div>
            <form onSubmit={onSubmitSignMessage}>
              <div>
                <label>Message</label>
                <textarea
                  value={message}
                  onChange={(e) => setMessage(e.target.value)}
                  placeholder="Ex: My Message"
                />
              </div>
              <div>
                <button disabled={!message} type="submit">
                  Sign
                </button>
              </div>
            </form>

            {result ? (
              <div>
                <label>Signature Result</label>
                <pre>
                  <code>{result}</code>
                </pre>

                <label>Verification Result</label>
                <pre>
                  <code>
                    {verification.status === "pending"
                      ? `Status: ${verification.status}\n\nVerifying...`
                      : ""}
                    {verification.status === "error"
                      ? `Status: ${verification.status}\n\n${verification?.failureReason?.message}`
                      : ""}
                    {verification.status === "success"
                      ? `Status: ${verification.status}\n\nVerified signature and message`
                      : ""}
                  </code>
                </pre>
              </div>
            ) : null}
          </div>
        ) : (
          <div>
            <pre>
              <code>Not Connected</code>
            </pre>
          </div>
        )}
      </>
    </section>
  );
}

然后，将其添加到主page.tsx文件中。

文件位置：./app/page.tsx

// Imports
// ========================================================
import Account from "@/components/Account";
import SignMessage from "@/components/SignMessage"; 

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function Home() {
  // Render
  return (
    <main className="p-8">
      <h1>🐻⛓️ Berachain WalletConnect Web3Modal Example</h1>
      <p>An example of Berachain being used with WalletConnect.</p>
      <div className="mb-8">
        <w3m-button />
      </div>
      <Account />
      <SignMessage />
    </main>
  );
}

现在，当钱包连接到应用程序时，钱包会出现签名消息提示。

完成签名后，查看应用程序，页面下方会显示用户签名和验证信息。

部署合约组件

最后一步，演示如何直接从前端部署现有字节码，以提示用户钱包发起交易。

# FROM: ./walletconnect-nextjs

mkdir components/Deploy;
touch components/Deploy/index.tsx;

如果你对字节码感到好奇——它是来自使用Hardhat部署HelloWorld合约的编译字节码。

文件位置：./components/Deploy.tsx

"use client";

// Imports
// ========================================================
import { useAccount, useWaitForTransactionReceipt } from "wagmi";
import { useState } from "react";
import { encodeAbiParameters } from "viem";
import { berachainTestnet } from "wagmi/chains";

// Constants
// ========================================================
/**
 * @dev All inputs and outputs of Contract
 */
const CONTRACT_ABI = [
  {
    inputs: [
      {
        internalType: "string",
        name: "_greeting",
        type: "string",
      },
    ],
    stateMutability: "nonpayable",
    type: "constructor",
  },
  {
    anonymous: false,
    inputs: [
      {
        indexed: false,
        internalType: "address",
        name: "sender",
        type: "address",
      },
      {
        indexed: false,
        internalType: "string",
        name: "message",
        type: "string",
      },
    ],
    name: "NewGreeting",
    type: "event",
  },
  {
    inputs: [],
    name: "getGreeting",
    outputs: [
      {
        internalType: "string",
        name: "",
        type: "string",
      },
    ],
    stateMutability: "view",
    type: "function",
  },
  {
    inputs: [
      {
        internalType: "string",
        name: "_greeting",
        type: "string",
      },
    ],
    name: "setGreeting",
    outputs: [],
    stateMutability: "nonpayable",
    type: "function",
  },
];

/**
 * @dev full contract bytecode for deployment
 */
const CONTRACT_BYTECODE =
  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/**
 * @dev Berachain testnet block explorer
 */
const BLOCK_EXPLORER = "https://brtio.beratrail.io/";

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function Deploy() {
  // Hooks
  const { address, isConnected, connector } = useAccount();
  const [transactionHash, setTransactionHash] = useState("");
  const [greeting, setGreeting] = useState("");
  const [isLoading, setIsloading] = useState(false);
  const [error, setError] = useState("");

  const receipt = useWaitForTransactionReceipt({
    chainId: berachainTestnet.id,
    hash: transactionHash ? (`${transactionHash}` as `0x${string}`) : undefined,
  });

  // Functions
  /**
   * @dev function that handles sending a transaction to the blockchain
   */
  const deployContract = async (event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    setTransactionHash("");
    setError("");

    console.group("deployContract");
    setIsloading(true);
    try {
      // Why not use? usePrepareTransactionRequest or useSendTransaction
      // Not enough documentation from wagmi on how to do a simple `eth_sendTransaction` with bytecode and not provide `to` param
      const provider = (await connector?.getProvider()) as any;
      console.log({ provider });
      console.log({ request: provider?.request });
      console.log({ greeting });

      // Based on constructor - constructor(string memory _greeting) {
      const encodedData = encodeAbiParameters(
        [{ name: "_greeting", type: "string" }],
        [`${greeting}`]
      );

      // Need slide(2) to remove 0x from encodedData at the beginning
      const fullByteCode = `${CONTRACT_BYTECODE}${encodedData.slice(
        2
      )}` as `0x${string}`;

      // Process trasaction
      const tx = await provider.request({
        method: "eth_sendTransaction",
        params: [
          {
            from: address,
            data: fullByteCode,
          },
        ],
      });

      // Get the transaction hash
      setTransactionHash(tx);

      // Refetch wait for receipt
      receipt.refetch();
    } catch (error: any) {
      console.error(error?.message);
      console.error(error?.reason);
      console.error(error);
      setError(error?.message);
    }
    setIsloading(false);
    console.groupEnd();
  };

  // Render
  return (
    <section className="pb-6 mb-6 border-zinc-700 border-b">
      <>
        <h2>Deploy Contract</h2>
        {isConnected ? (
          <div>
            <form onSubmit={deployContract}>
              <div>
                <label>HelloWorld.sol</label>
                <pre>
                  <code>{JSON.stringify(CONTRACT_ABI, null, "   ")}</code>
                </pre>
              </div>
              <div>
                <label htmlFor="_greeting">_greeting</label>
                <input
                  disabled={isLoading}
                  placeholder="Ex: Hello There!"
                  type="text"
                  name="_greeting"
                  id="_greetine"
                  value={greeting}
                  onChange={(e) => setGreeting(e.target.value)}
                />
              </div>
              <div>
                <label>ByteCode</label>
                <pre>
                  <code>{CONTRACT_BYTECODE}</code>
                </pre>
              </div>
              <div>
                <button
                  disabled={isLoading || greeting.length === 0}
                  type="submit"
                >
                  Deploy
                </button>
              </div>
            </form>

            <div>
              <label>Transaction Hash Result</label>
              <pre>
                <code>
                  {transactionHash}
                  {error}
                </code>
              </pre>
              {transactionHash ? (
                <p>
                  <a
                    className="button"
                    href={`${BLOCK_EXPLORER}/tx/${transactionHash}`}
                    target="_blank"
                  >
                    Beratrail Tx Link
                  </a>
                </p>
              ) : null}
            </div>

            <div>
              <label>Transaction Receipt</label>
              <pre>
                <code>
                  {receipt.status === "pending"
                    ? `Status: ${receipt.status}\n\nWaiting...`
                    : ""}
                  {receipt.status === "error"
                    ? `Status: ${receipt.status}\n\n${receipt?.failureReason?.message}`
                    : ""}
                  {receipt.status === "success"
                    ? `Status: ${receipt.status}\n\n${receipt?.data?.contractAddress}`
                    : ""}
                </code>
              </pre>

              {receipt?.data?.contractAddress ? (
                <p>
                  <a
                    className="button"
                    href={`${BLOCK_EXPLORER}/address/${receipt?.data?.contractAddress}`}
                    target="_blank"
                  >
                    Beratrail Contract Address Link
                  </a>
                </p>
              ) : null}
            </div>
          </div>
        ) : (
          <div>
            <pre>
              <code>Not Connected</code>
            </pre>
          </div>
        )}
      </>
    </section>
  );
}

然后，将其添加到主page.tsx文件中。

文件位置：./app/page.tsx

// Imports
// ========================================================
import Account from "@/components/Account";
import SignMessage from "@/components/SignMessage";
import Deploy from "@/components/Deploy"; 

// Main Page
// ========================================================
export default function Home() {
  // Render
  return (
    <main className="p-8">
      <h1>🐻⛓️ Berachain WalletConnect Web3Modal Example</h1>
      <p>An example of Berachain being used with WalletConnect.</p>
      <div className="mb-8">
        <w3m-button />
      </div>
      <Account />
      <SignMessage />
      <Deploy />
    </main>
  );
}

现在，可以通过新部署的组件功能，设置初始问候语。

确认一笔交易

查询交易信息，点击Berarail合约地址链接 (Beratrail Contract Address Link)按钮。

可能会出现延迟，需要一点时间才能显示在前端。

在Beratrail测试网区块浏览器中查看交易结果。

现在，已成功将WalletConnect Web3Modal与Berachain集成。

完整代码库

本节完整代码库，可在Github - Berachain Guides - walletconnect-nextjs中查看。

guides/apps/walletconnect-nextjs at main · berachain/guidesGitHub